On the theory and practice of painting in oil- and water-colours, with a manual of lithography by Theodore Henry A . Fielding

Author:Theodore Henry A . Fielding
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 1846-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Burnt Umber is a rich deep brown, made by burning the Raw Umber; it dries well and is permanent.

Raw Umber. A cool yellowish brown, one of the ochres, a good drier and permanent. It makes a most useftil colour either in oils or water, but perhaps is more generally used in the latter vehicle than the former. This earth is found in many parts of England and Wales, amongst the lead and coal mines.

Vandyke Brown. A colour in great use and estimation. It is found everywhere in the neighbourhood of bogs, being a species of bog earth. The finest specimens the author has seen of this colour have been found imbedded in stones, but in quantities too small to be

ON THE NATURE AND

useful. This colour requires an addition of drier, or a strong drying oil; it stands well, and must be considered as one of our most valuable browns. There are many other browns, differing more in name than quality, as Castile JEarth, or more properly Cassel Earth, &c. These earths are found, like Vandyke Brown, in England and elsewhere, and possess nearly all the qualities of Vandyke Brown; the small difference that exists is in favour of the latter as a glazing colour, and of the former for body.

Rubens' Brown, an excellent colour in working, rather more opaque than Vandyke Brown, and of a yellower tint, and is equally permanent.

Bitumen, or Asphaltum. This is used with spirit of turpentine as a glazing colour. The colour is a beautiful brown: but it cannot be recommended, on account of the tendency it has to crack, particularly when freely used for great force as a glazing or toning colour. It is a mineral pitch, found in various places, but chiefly in Persia and on the borders of the Dead Sea.

Mummy is found in the tombs of Egypt, and must be considered as the debris of the embalmed bodies: consequently containing bitumen in combination with animal matter. It is something similar to asphaltum, but of more body, and stands better as a colour, nor does it crack: of course it is preferable.

Madder Brown. Made from the madder root, of several tints, inclining to orange or sometimes purple. These browns do not dry so well in oils as could be wished, but for oils the darkest of them, called Intense Brown, is the most useful. They are like other preparations from madder, all permanent. An interesting account

QUALITIES OF COLOLfRS, ETC.

189

of the culture and preparation of the madder plant (Rubia Tinctoria) is to be found in the original editions of "Miller's Gardener's Dictionary/' and as the Dutch madders have always been considered the best, he gives their method of cultivation, which perhaps has not been improved upon since his day.

Cologne Earth contains, notwithstanding its name, much of vegetable remains. It has something of the taste of oak-bark, and appears to be the produce of wood that has laid long in the earth. It is found in England, at the Mendip hills and other places, but the German is to be preferred.

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